Tertiary Movements
(2% of Life History)

Repeated tropical advances and retreats.

Figs, breadfruits and magnolias in Wyoming.

Ailanthus, Ginkgo, etc. in North America.

Proboscideans reach the Americas.

Marsupials present in Europe and North America.

Horses, camels and edentates evolve in North America.

Bison arrive only 2 million years ago.